Hi-Fi · Studio · DIY

Audio is better
when you understand
what you're hearing.

Systems advice, equipment notes, and DIY projects — written by someone who genuinely loves this stuff and wants to share what they've learned along the way.

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SYSTEMS · DESIGN · SOUND RSD AUDIO
What RSD Audio Is

A place to talk
about audio.

Equipment notes, DIY builds, and system advice from someone who's been deep in this hobby for a long time. The goal isn't to tell you what to think — it's to share what's worked, what hasn't, and help you find what sounds good to you.

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Articles & Video
Going deep on the things that matter
Circuit design, system matching, listening observations. Videos covering builds, teardowns, and whatever rabbit hole I'm currently in.
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Equipment
Gear I've actually spent time with
From Pass Labs and First Watt to prosumer recording gear. What I own, what I've tried, and what I'd recommend at different price points.
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DIY
Building your own gear is worth it
Guided projects from the ACA Mini on up. Parts lists, bias procedures, upgrade paths, and notes on the mistakes I made so you don't have to.
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Knowledge

Articles
& Video

Writing and video on audio topics I find interesting. If it's useful to you too, great.

Featured Article Image
ESS vs AKM — Two Chips, Two Flavors, One Interesting Box
The Douk Audio Q11 does something I haven't seen much of — puts an ESS9038Q2M and an AKM AK4493 in the same box and lets you switch between them while music is playing. I've been using it alongside my Moondrop Dawn portable and it's taught me a lot about what chip character actually means in practice versus what people say about it online.
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DAC · Chip Comparison
ESS vs AKM — Two Chips, Two Flavors
The Douk Q11 and Moondrop Dawn in the same system. What ESS and AKM chip character actually sounds like, and whether it matters as much as the forums suggest.
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ACA Mini · DIY
What Makes the ACA Mini Worth Building
A $25 kit with matched transistors and 5 watts of Class A. The circuit topology, why it sounds the way it does, and what Nelson Pass was going for.
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System Design
Matching an Amp to Your Speakers
Impedance, sensitivity, and why those two numbers together tell you more than either one alone. A practical guide, not a textbook.
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Video

Watch

Build · DIY
ACA Mini Full Build Walkthrough — Start to Bias
42 min · May 2026
Equipment · Review
First Watt F7 — Six Months of Listening Notes
28 min · April 2026
System Design
Building a System Around Efficient Speakers
35 min · March 2026
Prosumer
Focusrite vs. Universal Audio — Who Actually Wins for Home Studio
22 min · February 2026
Gear

Equipment

Things I own or have spent real time with. Notes on what they do well and where they fall short.

Amplifier Image
Amplifier · Class A
First Watt F7
Nelson Pass / First Watt
25 watts, single-ended JFET. Needs efficient speakers but when you get the pairing right it's hard to go back to anything else. One of the most enjoyable amps I've had in my system.
★★★★★Owned · 2025–present
🔊
Amp Image
Amplifier · DIY · Class A
ACA Mini
Nelson Pass / diyAudio
5 watts, $25 essentials kit. A fun build and a genuine introduction to Class A amplification. Currently mid-rebuild after a blown channel — see the DIY page for the full story.
★★★★★Built · 2024
💿
DAC Image
DAC · Desktop · Dual Chip
DAC-Q11
Douk Audio
ESS9038Q2M and AKM AK4493 in one box, switchable on the fly. The AKM runs warmer and rounder; the ESS is more open with better perceived width. Both are usable and the comparison is genuinely interesting. Glass top and dual OLEDs look great on a desk.
★★★★☆Owned · 2024–present
🎧
Portable DAC Image
DAC/Amp · Portable
Dawn Pro
Moondrop
Dual Cirrus Logic CS43131, 4.4mm balanced out, 13 grams. Hard to argue with at this price. I use it away from the desk and it competes well above what you'd expect. Use the balanced output if your headphones support it — it makes a difference.
★★★★★Owned · 2024–present
🎛
Preamp Image
Preamplifier · DIY
B1 Buffer Preamp
Nelson Pass / passdiy.com
Unity gain JFET buffer. Gets out of the way. A solid first build if you want something low-stakes to learn on — the PCB is available directly from passdiy.com with matched JFETs.
★★★★☆Built · 2023
🎙
Interface Image
Studio · Interface
Apollo Twin X
Universal Audio
The UAD plugin ecosystem is the real sell here. The preamps are solid and the converters sound good. If you record at home with any regularity it's worth the investment.
★★★★★Owned · 2022–present
Build It

DIY Projects

Parts lists, build guides, upgrade paths, and bias procedures. Written by someone who has made the mistakes so you don't have to.

Featured Build

ACA Mini — Full Board Rebuild with Upgrades

Complete rebuild after a blown channel. New matched transistors from the diyAudio Essentials Kit, upgraded Nichicon KG output caps, RL8 polymer rail bypass, and a full re-bias walkthrough. Includes the complete Mouser parts list with upgrade notes on every cap and resistor.

Full Build Guide Parts List
Build Specs
Design Nelson Pass ACA Mini
Topology Class A Push-Pull CFA
Output Power 5W @ 8Ω · 8W @ 4Ω
Supply 24V DC switching
Transistors LSK170 / LSJ74 · IRF520 / 9520
Key Upgrades Nichicon KG · RL8 · RNL
Est. Cost ~$85 all-in
Difficulty Beginner–Intermediate
Beginner
Nelson Pass B1 Buffer Preamp
Unity gain JFET buffer. Excellent first build. Teaches you impedance matching without a lot of complexity or risk. PCB available from passdiy.com.
Est. Cost ~$40–60
Build Time 3–4 hours
Designer Nelson Pass
Beginner
ACA Mini — Stock Build
The standard kit build. One afternoon, 5 watts of Class A, and a very good reason to build your next amp. Essential starting point.
Est. Cost ~$150 complete
Build Time 4–6 hours
Designer Nelson Pass
Intermediate
ACA Mini — Upgraded Build
Same board, better parts. Nichicon KG output cap, RL8 polymer bypass, fresh matched transistors. Meaningful improvement for about $35 over stock.
Est. Cost ~$85 w/ essentials
Build Time 4–6 hours
Designer Nelson Pass / RSD
Advanced
Zen Amplifier — Variations 9
The full Zen journey. Single gain stage, no feedback, no caps in the signal path. Requires matched MOSFETs, good heatsinking, and patience with the bias procedure.
Est. Cost ~$300–500
Build Time Weekend+
Designer Nelson Pass
Get In Touch

Contact &
About

Questions about a build, system advice, or just want to talk audio. Get in touch.

R
Robbie
Founder · RSD Audio

I've been into audio for a long time — through hi-fi, home studio recording, and a fair amount of DIY amp building. I've owned gear across a pretty wide range and built more kits than I can keep track of.

RSD Audio is where I put what I've picked up along the way. It's not a business and I'm not trying to tell anyone what to think. I just love this hobby and find that talking about it and writing about it helps me enjoy it more. If it's useful to you too, great.

Hi-Fi DIY Amplifiers Nelson Pass Class A Home Studio System Design Prosumer Audio diyAudio
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System advice, build questions, general audio talk — all welcome.